Traditional lecture-led models have long dominated higher education; however, these methods are being replaced by more active, outcome-focused approaches, which are considered more effective for teaching students the higher-order skills needed in real-life situations. In addition, advancements in educational technology and the rise of online learning increasingly demand models able to provide flexible and innovative learning solutions. (1)

In this landscape, the flipped classroom model is gaining significant attention (2) due to its emphasis on flexible delivery, students’ active engagement, and deeper learning. In a nutshell, this model proposes that students acquire foundational knowledge independently while educators use in-class time to facilitate deeper thinking through interactive and collaborative activities.

But what design considerations should educators make when considering the implementation of the flipped classroom online?

Flipping the classroom in an online course

In the UCL online environment, educators can use Moodle to shift foundational activities to asynchronous formats (like pre-recorded lectures, readings, quizzes, and preparatory assignments), allowing students to access and complete them in their own time. This frees up valuable live (synchronous) class time for interactive sessions. Educators can then use video conferencing tools and web platforms (such as Teams, Zoom, Mentimeter, chats, breakout rooms, and editable documents) to foster knowledge application through discussions, collaborative exercises, and practice-based activities.

A significant feature of flipping the classroom is the focus shift from passive learning during class (such as lectures) to interactive activities (like problem-solving, and analysis). This change can be challenging for students accustomed to traditional lecture-based methods, and students may struggle to adjust (3). It is essential that educators set clear expectations, are realistic about students’ efforts to prepare for the live sessions, and coherently design asynchronous and synchronous components.

Initial considerations

The flipped method doesn’t mean students are teaching themselves; by undertaking preparatory activities independently, they only get a baseline understanding; the skills to apply conceptual knowledge are done in class. To begin with, educators need to decide which course components benefit asynchronous learning and which benefit from real-time interaction. To guide this process, educators should assess the course and audience-specific needs, including:

• Course outcomes: What level of knowledge and skills should students attain? (4)
• Activities: What activities (discussions, projects, quizzes, lectures) will best support students’ learning?
• Subject matter complexities: How can I scaffold learning to gradually build mastering? What are the subject matter pain points?
• Challenges students may encounter: Do students have the prerequisite knowledge to complete tasks? What materials can I provide to address knowledge gaps?
• Feedback: How and when will I provide feedback to guide students’ learning progress?
• Technology: Do students have access to reliable technology and internet connectivity?
• Are the tools accessible to all students?

Asynchronous learning: Building foundational knowledge

Asynchronous learning is ideal for content acquisition, such as explaining theories, technical demonstrations, background reading, or audio interviews with experts. By allocating targeted self-paced content to asynchronous formats, educators can allow learners to access and revisit the material at their own pace and direct them to material relevant to the live sessions.

However, material such as short, pre-recorded lectures can be passive and not particularly memorable. Educators can use technology to foster understanding, address the knowledge gap, and improve retention. For example:

• Interspersing short video lectures with questions or quizzes
• Combining readings with poll questions
• Using frequent low-stakes quizzes with feedback
• Ask students to revisit a process and reflect on their learning

Asynchronous learning can also be used to promote student-led learning,  engaging them in activities that encourage exploration and collaboration, such as contributing to discussion forums, brainstorming in group settings, or preparing questions for expert Q&A sessions.

Supporting preparation for live sessions

To support learners in preparing adequately for more complex scenarios, educators can scaffold the learning process by implementing conditional releases of materials, ensuring that students complete foundational tasks and are then ready for more challenging scenarios.

Educators’ ongoing presence is essential to further guide and support students, and they can establish a strong presence in asynchronous components without being physically present. Using tools like automatic quiz feedback, personalised options such as video or audio summaries, monitoring discussion forums, establishing badges to reward participation, and offering targeted guidance can help keep students motivated and on track.

By monitoring these activities, educators can identify areas where students may struggle or excel, allowing for timely interventions and support, ensuring students are prepared for deeper engagement in live sessions.

Synchronous learning: Knowledge application

A key element of the flipped classroom approach is the seamless integration of foundational knowledge and deeper engagement in classroom activities. If there is a disconnect, students may struggle to see how their progress is shaping how theory connects to practice, leading to confusion, disengagement, and a fragmented learning experience.

While the primary focus of live sessions should be on applying knowledge and bridging theory and practice, educators should remain flexible and assess whether a short lecture is still needed to lay the groundwork for more advanced activities.

As educators reduce lecture time and shift foundational knowledge to asynchronous formats, their role in the live session becomes more of a facilitator. Observing students as they engage with the material and their peers allows educators to provide immediate feedback, address misconceptions, and help master the subject matter like a professional.

Activities can be time-consuming in live sessions, so planning for adequate quality time is essential. Educators can use technology to scaffold activities by breaking the learning process into smaller steps so that students can stay focused and complete the tasks within a set time. For example, educators can start with a Q&A session to activate prior knowledge, use breakout rooms to allow smaller groups to discuss a problem (providing instructions and outcomes expected), follow up with a worked example for the whole class and conclude with reflecting practice activity.

Getting started: Using a staggered approach

Flipping the classroom online is not merely about creating flexible learning opportunities for students; adopting this model requires a shift in how educators and students approach their roles. (5) Students must take more responsibility for their independent study and demonstrate achievement through contribution and collaboration, while educators must transition from being the primary source of knowledge to facilitators of learning.

Those changes are demanding (6); however, flipping the classroom does not have to be done in one go, and gradual implementation is possible. To make the transition smoother and more manageable, educators can start by flipping one or two weeks of their course, integrating targeted reading or research tasks, and gradually adopting more changes such as peer review or group work.

Whether starting with large-scale changes or small adjustments, students should understand how the model works and how their efforts align with the overall learning goals. To minimise students’ disengagement, components must be intentionally designed rather than added as an afterthought, and all elements should be clearly connected, appropriately scaffolded, and aligned with the intended learning outcomes.

Contact us to discover how our Learning Designers can help you create an engaging and effective learning experience.

1. Digital Education Market Size – By Learning Type (Self-paced, Instructor-led), By Course Type (STEM, Business Management, Others), By End User (Academic Institutions & Individuals, Enterprises) & Forecast, 2024 – 2032
2. Flipped classroom in higher education: a systematic literature review and research challenges.
3. Flipped Classroom Pedagogy | Teaching Commons (stanford.edu)
4. A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview.
5. Using technology to enable flipped classrooms whilst sustaining sound pedagogy.
6. The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges – ScienceDirect

The landscape of Higher Education has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, with online learning becoming an increasingly popular choice among adults. Recent publications including What do higher education students want from online learning? (2023) or Shaping the Future of Online Learning (2024) have highlighted the need for improvements in several key areas to enhance the quality and effectiveness of online education.

While academics bring essential expertise and deep knowledge of their content areas, transitioning to online learning environments can be challenging. This is where Learning Designers can help, offering specialised skills to optimise students’ online learning experience.

A common misconception about Learning Designers

Learning Designers are sometimes seen as tech-savvy professionals who manage the technical aspects of course delivery, such as uploading materials to platforms, video editing, or even coding. This perspective is understandable given the prominent role that digital technology plays in online learning; however, this perception can prevent academics from fully use the Learning Designers’ expertise.

Learning Designers are educational specialists with expertise in adult learning in online environments. Their primary focus is planning, designing, and strategically using educational technology to support teaching and learning.

Understanding the role of Learning Designers

Given their expertise, Learning Designers recognise that different modes of delivering education require distinct approaches.

While the foundational principles of learning are consistent across face-to-face and online contexts, directly replicating in-person methods online doesn’t work. For example, traditional classrooms benefit from face-to-face interactions, spontaneous discussions, and non-verbal cues. In the absence of these elements, online environments rely on technology to mediate interactions. This shift requires tailored strategies to engage students, maintain motivation, and ensure accessibility and success for all learners, regardless of background or ability.

Learning Designers can play a pivotal role in this process as they are skilled at tailoring the learning experience to meet the needs, challenges and motivations of adult learners and can combine pedagogy and technology to effectively support desired learning outcomes.

Technology meets pedagogy

Learning Designers typically work across different academic subjects but are not subject matter experts. Instead, they partner with academics to translate their expertise into engaging online courses.

Platforms like Moodle, for example, exemplify the potential of technology to support a learner-centred approach, allowing instructional strategies that combine passive and active learning. A passive learning activity might involve students watching a pre-recorded lecture or reading an article, where they absorb information independently. This can be complemented by an active learning component, such as summarising the content of the article, or participating in a discussion forum where students are encouraged to contribute their thoughts and engage in peer-to-peer dialogue.

However, academic presence remains a critical component of online courses. Tutors provide essential guidance, offer timely and constructive feedback, and support students in navigating the course material.

This integrated approach is linked to improved educational outcomes and a more engaging learning experience.

Designing for synchronous and asynchronous learning

Flexibility is crucial when designing online courses, particularly for adult learners who often require adaptable learning schedules or may join from different time zones.

Learning Designers focus on creating a seamless blend of synchronous and asynchronous components to maintain learner engagement while providing flexibility. They achieve this by assessing (in collaboration with academics) which activities are best suited for asynchronous delivery or synchronous interaction.

Moreover, Learning Designers can assist and address common challenges typically affecting synchronous sessions—such as students feeling unprepared or overwhelmed—by designing robust asynchronous activities that build the necessary knowledge and skills beforehand and by ensuring that activities build on each other and clearly align to the intended outcomes.

This careful blending of synchronous and asynchronous elements, coupled with well-designed support mechanisms like clear instructions, timely feedback, and additional resources, ensures that learners are equipped to actively participate and succeed in both activities.

Learning design is a collaborative endeavour

At UCL, we know that a great online course requires a carefully crafted experience that considers every aspect of the learner’s journey. That’s why Learning Designers work together with a team of experts.

We partner with academics to translate their expertise into engaging content and ensure learning outcomes are met. We work closely with Learning Technologists to select and implement digital tools, providing a seamless technical experience for staff and students. We liaise with multimedia developers and graphic designers when the course requires the production of assets such as video, animations, or interactive simulations.

This multi-faceted approach ensures that online courses are relevant, pedagogically sound, technically robust, accessible, and aesthetically appealing.

Ready to enhance your online course? Contact us to discover how our Learning Designers can help you create an engaging and effective learning experience.

Picture by Oliver Vas

On the 10^th and 11^th July, Tim Otway and I attended in-person The University of Leeds’ first ever Online Learning Summit, where we met a number of other colleagues from other institutions and went to a series of presentations throughout both days. The agenda was broad ranging, though it could roughly be categorised into three themes: creating design ecosystems, extending accessibility and enabling lifelong learning.

Firstly, we received an overview of the current outlook within HE online learning from Neil Mosley, and later from Sam Brenton, Melissa Highton and others. They spoke about witnessing steady growth in demand for online learning in the UK, as well as more rapid growth abroad. Sam Brenton mentioned that UK institutions are in a good place to take advantage of increased demand but must capitalise quickly. Neil Mosley foresaw the slow decline of MOOCs as interest intensifies in more flexible, stackable programs such as micro credentials – a topic that featured prominently in the summit. During the event participants grappled with formulating a ‘manifesto’ to standardise the regulation and awarding of micro credentials. Melissa Highton mentioned that while micro credentials still remain relatively unknown, CPD courses are the most highly searched for online. Data shows that learners typically want CPD that is badged, accredited and associated with a known brand or institution.

We also heard from educators who have enjoyed great success as online-only institutions, such as Joann Kozyrev, VP at Western Governors University, who spoke about moving away from the ‘time served’ model to great effect: allowing learners to progress once they meet the completion requirements rather than inflexible time markers. In their case, students pay a fixed fee for 6 months of learning, within which time they can take as many or as few credits as they wish.

Given the novel nature of a lot of challenges faced in the sector, the summit focused on a number of original and effective problem-solving techniques. One notable technique was Aaron Kessler’s learning engineering process which emphasised the continual need to “close the loop” between the stages of challenge, creation, implementation and investigation.  We also learnt about the differences between systems thinking, design thinking and futures thinking, and participated in Leah Henrickson’s “What-if” experiment, brainstorming possible future scenarios in 5-year increments.

The summit then attempted to apply these problem-solving techniques directly to a few of the challenges, specifically: AI and ethics, the nature of assessment, and accessibility integration. Donald Clark asked whether considerations over ethics in AI are doing more harm than good. He pointed out that the more cautious countries risk falling behind unnecessarily, since regulatory efforts are unlikely to be successful. Later, a panel debated the role of assessment and whether online learning had any chance of moving away from the grade-centred approach that dominates most of the education sector. Ultimately, they concluded that assessment remains a necessary tool to show that learning has taken place. Lasty, we heard from course alumni on how accessibility had improved their course experience. They emphasised that accessibility should be embedded from the start of programme development, rather than treated as an afterthought.

Overall, the conference was well organised and successful at balancing its in-person and online audiences. The experience was greatly enhanced by the attendance of a digital artist who drew live tableaus during each talk, helping to illustrate and reinforce key concepts.

The Digital Education team will offer a series of staff development sessions focusing on designing and teaching online courses. These sessions will be delivered remotely via Microsoft Teams and are available to all UCL staff and any postgraduate students with teaching responsibilities. 

Designing live online classes 

One of the main advantages of synchronous online learning is that it allows immediacy in teaching and learning. However, synchronous learning can be challenging for students who may lack access to fast internet connectivity, are situated in different time zones, or experience accessibility barriers. Hence, facilitating interaction in an online classroom must be intentionally planned and holistically arranged with asynchronous learning.   

This 90-minute session provides practical guidance on how to design accessible live online classes, including the creation of learning activities to engage students throughout the session (from icebreakers to exit tickets), deciding which interaction channels to use, and effective mechanisms for moderation and time management. 

To enrol via MyLearning, please visit the Designing live online classes booking page and select one of the following date: 

• 25th October 2022 – 2:00-3:30pm 

Designing video lectures 

Video is a frequent medium for content in online courses. It can be used to complement and, occasionally, replace teaching methods that might take place in an on-campus context, but while video can offer a range of benefits it’s important to use it appropriately. 

This 60-minute session looks at how we can use the basic principles of learning design to align content and activities to learning outcomes. We will consider the strengths of video, how to ‘chunk’ content clearly, the kinds of generative and active learning tasks you might intersperse between such chunks, and some basic principles of accessibility and usability. Session participants will be given a chunking template to work with and discuss potential activities with their peers. 

To enrol via MyLearning, please visit the Designing video lectures booking page and select the following date: 

• 13th December 2022 – 10:00-11:00am 

Designing asynchronous learning activities 

Asynchronous learning is a major part of distance education as it offers plenty of flexibility, allowing students to learn at their own pace regardless of time zone, location, or schedule. However, asynchronous learning activities must be carefully designed to ensure students stay motivated and engaged. 

This 90-minute session provides practical guidance on designing and sequencing asynchronous teaching and learning activities, focusing on the different tools and types of interaction, as well as on communication and accessibility considerations. We will explore the guiding principles to structure asynchronous learning both in a self-paced and tutor facilitated course. Finally, you will get the opportunity to put it into practice by drafting an asynchronous unit in a storyboard format. 

To enrol via MyLearning, please visit the Designing asynchronous learning activities booking page and select one of the following dates: 

• 11th October 2022 – 2:00-3:30pm 

Please ensure you are using Desktop@UCL or the UCL VPN when booking.

If you encounter any problems when attempting to enrol, please contact isd-digiskills@ucl.ac.uk 

Other training resources 

• Communicating in Moodle to Support Learners – Moodle course 
• Practical Online Teaching Tips – Recordings of previous sessions on UCL Media Central 

Further support 

• Moodle Resource Centre 
• Lecturecast Resource Centre: Lecturecast Universal Capture Personal 

If you have any issues in relation to accessibility, please contact us on: digi-ed@ucl.ac.uk. 

Make a contribution

• Effective delivery of a high-quality academic experience through a blended approach to teaching and learning
• Resources to support a high-quality blended learning experience.

ABC learning design is UCL’s widely used ‘sprint’ method to help busy university and college teachers review and redesign their courses for blended modes.

Originally run as face-to-face workshops, in just 90 minutes teaching teams work together to create a visual ‘storyboard’ of activities representing the student journey. Assessment methods, programme-level themes and institutional policies can all be integrated easily. International ABC user groups soon emerged to share ideas, translations and localisations.

The Covid crisis impacted in two ways; one positive, one negative.

As even traditionally minded universities were forced to ‘pivot’ rapidly to online learning provision, the advantages of digital modes and the need for learning design suddenly became clearer. However traditional ABC on-campus workshops were impossible. The community responded swiftly by experimented with online approaches.

This academic year Clive Young and Nataša Perović, the UCL originators of ABC, created and trialled their own online version based on Google Jamboard and UCL’s Learning Designer tool.

In a popular webinar last week Clive and Nataša showed how this works and compared on-campus and online versions.

A recording of this webinar is now available via: Zoom

The presentation: ABC LD and the challenges of online Webinar, PDF 4.5Mb

You can also find earlier webinars on ABC